1.  Infectious Diseases

• Abscesses
• Facial abscesses Leather lips)
• Foot rot (Dichelobacter nodosus)
• Foot abscesses (Bont tick and thorns)
• Epididymitis (Ram siekte)
• Brucella ovis
• HPA Group (Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Actinobacillus)
• Pulpy kidney (enterotoxaemia)
• Botulism
• Tetanus
• Quarter evil
• Malignant oedema
• Swelled head disease
• Uterine gangrene
• Pasteurellosis
• Mastitis
• Bolo Disease
• Lumpy wool disease
• Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis)
• Salmonellosis
• Listerosis
• Pituitary abscess
• Joint ill and post dipping lameness
• Malta fever (Brucellosis)
• Lamb dysentery

 2. Rare Bacterial Diseases

• Anthrax
• Leptospirosis
• Haemorrhagic enterotoxaemia and struck
• Diphtheria

3. Viral Diseases

• Blue tongue
• Rift Valley disease
• Wesselsbron disease
• Jaagsiekte (infectious sheep lung cancer)
• Orff
• Ovine leucosis
• Maedi-visna disease
• Scrapie
• Rota and Corona viruses
• Pulmonary viruses

4.  Fungal diseases

• Ringworm

5.  Diseases caused by Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Mycoplasms

• Rickettsia: Heartwater
• Chlamydiosis: Ovine enzootic abortion
• Contagious ophtalmia
• Pizzle disease

6.  Diseases caused by Protozoa

• Coccidiosis and Eimeria

7.  Ectoparasites

7.1 Argasid ticks or soft tick

• Otobius megnini : Spinose ear tick (stekelrige oorbosluis)
• Ornithodorus savigny:  (Sandtampan)

7.2 Ixodid ticks or hard ticks

• Amblyomma hebraeum: Bont tick, heartwater tick
• Ixodes rubicundus : Karoo paralysis tick
• Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi : Redlegged tick
• Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus Namibian redlegged tick
• Rhipicephalus warburtoni : Brown paralysis tick
• Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum: Smooth brown tick, (Gladdebruinbosluis)
• Hyalomma: Bontlegged ticks
• Hyalomma rufipes : Large coarse bont-legged tickHyalomma glabrum (Prev. Hyalomma marginatum turanicum) Pale bont-legged tick
• Hyalomma truncatum (Small smooth bont-legged tick)

8.  Mites  

8.1 Suborder: Astigmata (Mange mites and scab mites)

There are two important species, causing mange and scab respectively

1. Family: Psoroptidae: Oval non-burrowing mites causing scab on sheep and mange on other animal

• Species: Psoroptes ovis (Sheep scab mite, skaapbrandsiekmyt)
• Psoroptes caprae (Northern Cape-Deafness and loss of appetite)

8.2 Suborder: Prostigmata (trombiculid mites, follicle mites, itch mites)

• Family: Psororgatidae: (Australian itch mite, Australiese jeukmyt,)
• Species: Psorergates ovis (Sheep scab mite, skaapbrandsiekmyt)
• Family: Demodicidae Genus: Demodex Specie: Demodex ovis and D caprae

9. Flies (Order: Dipera)

Families:

• Ceratopogonidae – Biting midges
• Simuliidae – Black flies
• Psychodidae – Sandflies
• Culicidae – Mosquito’s
• Calliphoridae with Sub Families: Calliphorinae and Chrysomyinae

Species: Lucilla cuprina (Green fly, groenbrommer)

Species: Lucilla sericata (European green fly)

Species: Chrysomia chloropyga (Copper tailed or green tailed blowfly, koperstertbrommer)

Species: Chrysomia marginalis (Blue Bottle, bloubrommer)

Species: Chrysomia albicpes (Banded of striped blowfly, gestreepte brommer)

Sub-order: Brachyera

Family: Oestridae

Species :Oestris ovis

Family: Muscidae:  

• Sub Family: Stomoxidae
• Species Stomoxsys calcitrans (Stable fly)

Family: Calliphoridae

• Species Chrysomyia bezzania (Old world scre worm, bosveldspykerwurm)

10. Lice

• Sub-order: Anoplura (sucking lice)
• Family: Linognathidae
• Genus: Linognathus

Species: Linognathus africanus

Species: Linognathis ovillus

Species: Linognathus pedalis

Species: Linognathus stenopsis

Sub-order: Mallophaga (Chewing lice)

• Ischnocera (group)
• Family: Trichodectidae

Species: Damalinia ovis

Species: Damalinia peregaria (Infest fat-tailed sheep)

Species Damalinia caprae (red biting louce of goats)

Species: Damalinia limbata (red biting louse of Angora goats)